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About solar PV

Basically, solar panels come in two types; there are those that rely on the heat of the sun (even on a cloudy day) to warm water contained in the panels (well, they are clustered tubes actually) and then use that heat to partially or fully heat up a hot water cylinder for your general hot water usage, via a pumped solution. The other type are solar PV (photo voltaic) that generate electricity in the presence of light, or more precisely, solar energy from the sun.  Again, the sun does not need to be shining as some electricity is generated even through cloud - sometimes quite thick cloud. Obviously a nice bright and clear sunny day is better than a cloudy one.

Ok, how do solar PV panels actually work?

Solar PV panels can be fitted on any roof aspect but work best here in the UK when installed onto a South facing roof. South-East or South-West facing also work reasonably well. Panels fitted onto a UK North facing roof generate around 40% less electricity compared to those fitted on a South facing roof (and for this reason are currently excluded from the UK Low Carbon Buildings Programme grant scheme).

I will concentrate on the type of panels I have fitted to my existing roof. These are often referred to as 'hybrid' panels as they are a combination of mono-crystalline cells surrounded by amorphous silicon cells which work well in both strong sunlight and cloudy conditions.  (The technology is also available in the form of replacement roof tiles - i.e. a collection of mini solar PV panels that resemble roof tiles when fitted). When light falls on solar PV panels, electrons are knocked loose and flow towards the metal contacts within the panel and therefore electricity (DC - direct current 12v in my case) starts to flow. A good explanation can be found here:

http://www.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell.htm

Each panel is connected together and then the resultant 12v DC (direct current) electricity is passed, via negative and positive isolation switches, into a device called an inverter. The job of the inverter is to convert the 12v DC electricity into that which matches the local electricity supply from the national grid. This varies somewhat from area to area and from minute to minute. The UK standard for electricity is 230v AC (alternating current) at a frequency of 50Hz although as I said it can vary a little from this. The National Grid electricity page can be found here with further details:

http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/electricity/

So, once the electricity leaves the inverter it's at around 230v AC 50Hz whereupon it is connected, via isolation switches, to your consumer unit. At this point it helps to supply the demand for electricity at your property or excess is fed back into the national grid.

In the event of a national grid power cut, all grid-connected solar PV systems shut off their supply automatically within a split second else local power workers might receive a shock or two from your system whilst working on a local problem!

The isolation switches after the inverter (which can be fitted within the loft space and function fully automatically)  and before your consumer unit are also very important to switch off the power from your system to allow work to be undertaken on your own home mains electrics. All good solar PV installation comapnies will comply with the need to clearly label this requirement.

Hopefully this all makes sense at this point. Another good series of examples is to be found at my installers website here:

http://www.sunpowered.co.uk/SolarElectric/solarelectric.htm

Anyway, now navigate to My Installation for further details about my setup.

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